Cylinder of internal-combustion engines



A. J. ROWLEDGE. CYLINDER OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV 8,1918- Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

. A. J. ROWLEDGE. CYLINDER OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV= 8,1918.

Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A I A 5 A2 G G Further,

of the parts,

UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR JOHN ROWLEDGE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 I NAPIER & son

LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

Application filed November 8, .1918. Serial No. 261,754.

' object to effect certain improvements in the construction of the water-jackets thereof.

In cylinders of the type having overhead valves and detachable heads or 'in which the water-jacket on the head of the cylinder is formed'separate from the jacket surrounding the body of' the cylinder leakage is apt to occur at the junction between the head and body portions of the water-jacket. it is necessary to avoid leakage from the water-jacket at the place where the sparking plug is inserted in the cylinder. In; obviating these difliculties it is moreover desirable to avoid as far as possible unnecessary weight in the construction particularly where the engine is intended for use on aircraft. The prescut improvements are directed to providing a light and simple construction of cylinder in which leakage from the water-jacket will not occur.

According to this invention the cylinder has an integral head and the water-jacket on the head of the cylinder is formed sepa- I rate from the water-jacket which surrounds the 'body of the cylinder no direct communication being provided for the flow of water between the adjacent portions of these parts. The head portion of the water-jacket is formed as a .casting with its lower part closed in so as to provide no communication through that part with the water-jacket surrounding the cylinder bodyw The cylinder has an outwardly directed flange formed around its head and another flange formedat some point in its length at a convenient distance from the crank case. A cylindrical casing constructed, for example, of thin sheet steel or of aluminium or aluminium al- 10y in sheet form and: made in either one or two pieces is applied tov the cylinder and welded or otherwise attached n a Watertight manner to the flanges on the exterior of the cylinder which is thus incased in a water-jacket which is entirely separate from the water-jacket on the head. The cylinder is formed with a boss of suitable shape and dimensions to receive the sparking plug and this boss extends outwardly through an opening in the jacket casing which is welded or otherwise connected to the boss.

The inlet and exhaust openings are formed in the head of the cylinder which is flat to receive the flat underface of the casting constituting the water-jacket for the cylinder head and this casting has a continuous bottom wall which closes -in the underside of the water space therein. The water-jacket head casting may be connected to the cylinder head either in a known manner by employing sleeves which constitute valve seats each' of which is passed through an opening in the cylinder head and screwed into the casting, or the valve seats may be formed in the openings in the'cylinder head and-bolts may be passed through the cylinder head into the head casting.

The invention may be putinto practice in various ways but a convenient construction is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which,

igure 1 is a side elevation of the cylinders of a four-cylinder engine to which the present invention is applied, part of one of the water connections between the jackets of two cylinders being shown in section.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation'on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Like letters indicate like the drawings. 1 1 1 Each cylinder A is formed with an integral head A in which are inlet and exhaust openings, either two or four in number, which in the construction illustrated are of parts throughout these openings of sleeves or tubes B each of whichconstitutes a valve seat. The head 'A of the cylinder is ground flat and the flat surface extends slightly beyond the margin of the head as at A on to an outwardly direeted flange which surrounds the head.

There is thusprovided an ample area for contact between the water-jacket casting and the head'A of thecylinder itself. The

detachable casting C which is mounted on the cylinder head is constructed integral as shown in Fig. 1 for allthe four cylinders. n his t ng a e fo med the inlet and ex-' parts welded or connected to these bosses haust ports and passages D and E, the exhaust passage E leading into a common opening E as shown in Fig. 1. A waterjacket space C surrounds these ports and lies behind the flat face C which is adapted to be in contact with the face of the cylin- The face C of the casting C is uninterrupted except by the openings of the inlet and exhaust ports and there is no water opening or communication through this face. The sleeves B as shown in Fig. 2 are screwed into the ports and serve to connect the casting C rigidly to the cylinder head. Intimate contact is thus provided between the head A' of the cylinder and the underside C of the casting C so as to permit heat to; be freely conducted away through the contiguous walls of the cylinder and casting while ample waten circulation in the space 0 is provided at those parts.

The flange A which as mentioned .is.

formed' on the exterior around the cylinder head is extended as at A beyond the place where this flange isin contact with the face C of the casting C. At a suitable distance along the cylinder A and toward its open end there is-formed A preferably of less width than the flange A To these flanges A A there is connected either by welding or otherwise a water-jacket casing F composed of thin sheet steel and conveniently formed in two otherwise connected together asat F. This casing F when thus rigidly connected to the flanges A and A forms a closed water-jacket surrounding the cylinder A. Two sparking plug bosses G are preferably provided and oppositely positioned in the cylinder and these project through corresponding openings formed in the water-jacket casing F In a multicylinder engine such as illustrated each cylinder is provided with an entirely separate jacket F surrounding the body of the cylinder A and except for the inlet and outlet openings which lead from the sides this jacket is completely closed at the head of the cylinder and at its lower end the connection between the jacket and the cylinder-being preferably a permanent one. The single block water-jacket head casting G serves for all the cylinders in the .tachable head casting C set and there is no direct communication between the water space C in this head cast ing and the water-jacket within the casing F. Thus risk of leakage betweenthe deand the jacket F is obviated as also the difli culty of making and maintaining watertight joints between these parts and consequently the removal and at-' tachment of the head {casting is facilitated and further the construction and arrangement of the sparking plug bosses is 'simp1iarranged to face each other.

an external ribor flange which is suitably in the row.

bosses is prevented.

The pipe connections between the waterjackets F of the several cylinder bodies and the connections from these jackets as also from the water space in the casting C to the water inlet anddelivery may be variously arranged. As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing each casing F is provided at its upper art with two tubular openings or'sockets F suitably formed in the sheet metal parts of the casing. As shown in the sectional part of Fig. 1 a small inturned flange'F is arranged at the end of each of these sockets and the openings in the corresponding pass ges in two adjacent cylinder jackets are Between these openings there is their-inserted a thick rubber ring H having a steel tube liner H the rubber ring H being surrounded by a metal band or clamp J which some convenlent manner. When this band.

against the opposite faces of the flanges F and a watertight joint is thus formed. This joint can readily be broken by releasing the band J when the ring H can be lifted out. At the lower end of each Water-jacket casing F and preferably on the opposite side thereof'to the sockets F there are formedtwo outwardly directed pipe connections F so arranged that the pipes of two adjacent cylinders will face' each other. These pipes F are then connected by arubber tubeK in some convenient manner. I

, At each end of the head casting C are formed bosses C of which is adapted to be engaged by a casting forming a connection for the inlet and outflow of water. At the inlet end this casting L is shaped so as to have a part L. adapted to. be bolted over the the boss C while a branch L isconnectedwith the socket or opening F of the waterjacketF surrounding the-first'cylinder A parts 2 and'L is conveniently :made in the same way as jacket sockets F in the manner abo've. indicated. At the opposite end of the head castin C the connection is formed by a casting having apart M adapted to be bolted up against the opening in the boss (3* 'of the head casting. This casting M is also provided with a" branch M which coincides with the adjacent socket F cylinder. v. a

The water --connections may be otherwise arranged if desired as for instance by-carrying a pipe \past the cylinders with a coma separate pipe extendlng from the top can be tightened 1n and C with openings each opening in The connection between the between the adjacent water of the endmost of each cylinder jacket to the casting C. These pipe connections can be so arranged as to be readily accessible with joints that can easily be made water tight.

In the preferred construction of water connections as shown in Fig. 1 it will be seen that if it is desired to remove the head casting C it is only necessary to disconnect the water connection castings L and M from the bosses C C without "any other water joints having to be broken. Alternatively the joints between the castings L and M and the jacket sockets F 2 may be disconnected. These connections may be made again easily and without risk of leakage.

The details of construction may be modified to suit requirements and the type of engine to which the invention is applied.

Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 'is 1. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an integral head in which are inlet and exhaust port openings, a water jacket around the body of the cylinder, passages for the flow of water into and out of this jacket, a dctachable casting "constituting the water jacket for the cylinder head on to which the casting is adapted to fit closely, said water jackets being independent and noncommunicating, passages, for the flow of water into and out of the casting, inlet and exhaust passages in the head casting coincident with the port openings in the cylinder head, and means for detachably connecting the head casting to the cylinder as set forth. a

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an integral head in which are port openings, a xlvater jacket around the body of the cylinc er, out from this jacket, a detachable casting constituting the water jacket for the cylinder head on to which this casting is adapted to fitclosely, passages for the flow of water into and out from this casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the jacket around the cylinder body, inlet and exhaust passages in this head casting coincident with the port openings in the cylinder head, sleeve like members which are passed through the port openings in the cylinder head and by engaging the ends of the inlet and exhaust passages in the head casting constitute means for detachably connecting the head casting to the cylinder as set forth.

3. In an internal combustion engine the,

combination of a cylinder having an integral head in which are port openings, a. sheet metal casing inclosing the body of the cylinder and forming a water j acket-therefor, passages for the flow of water into and.

out from this jacket, a detachable casting constituting the'water jacket for the cylin- I to fit closely,

passages for theflow of water into andder head on to which this casting is adapted said water jackets being entirely independent and non-communicating, passages for the flow of water into and out from the detachable cylinder head casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the jacket around the cylinder body, inlet and exhaust passages in this head casting coincident with the port openings in the cylinder head, and means for detachably connecting the head casting v to the cylinder as set forth.

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an integral head in which are port openings, a sheet metal casing inc-losing the body of the cylinder and forming a water jacket therefor, passages for the flow of water into and out from this jacket, a detachable casting constituting the water jacket for the cylinder head on to which this casting is adapted to fit closely passages for the flow of water into and out from this casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the jacket around the cylinder body, inlet and exhaust passages in this head casting coincident with the port openings in the cylinder head, sleeve like members Which arepassed through the port openings inthe cylinder head and by engaging the ends of the inlet and exhaust passages in the head casting constitute means for detachably connecting the head casting to the cylinder as set forth.

5. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an integral head in which are port openings, the exterior of the head being fiat, a flange formed; around the cylinder head, a flange formed around the cylinder body intermediate in its length, a sheet metal casing inclosing the body of the cylinder and forming a water jacket for the cylinder this casing being attached to the head and intermediate flanges on the cylinder, passages for the flow of water into and out from this jacket, a detachable casting constituting the water-jacket for the'cylinder head and having a flat underside adapt- .ed to fit closely on to the flat cylinder head,

said water jackets being entirely independent and non-communicating, passages for the flow of water into and out from the de-' tachable cylinder head casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the jacket around the cylinder body,

ate in its length,

formed around the cylinder body intermedia sheet metal casing. inclosing the body of the cylinder and ,forming a water jacket for the cylinder this casing bein attached to the head and intermediate anges on the cylinder, passages for the flow of water into and out from a detachable casting constituting the water jacket for the cylinder' head and having a flat underside adapted to fit closely on to the fiat cylinder head, passages for the flow of water into and out from this casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the jacket around the'cylinder body, inlet and exhaust passages in this head casting coincident with the port openings in the cylinder head, sleeve like members which are passed through the port openings in the cylinder head and b engaging the ends of the inlet and ex aust passages in the head casting constitute means for detachably connecting the head casting to the cylinder as set forth.

7. In. an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having an integral head, a water jacket around the body of the cylinder, passa es for the flow of water into and out from t is jacket, a detachable castconstituting the water jacket for the inder head onto which the casting is water jackets being independent an non-communicating, for the flow of water into and out of the casting,

this jacket,

and means insertible through the integral head of the cylinder from the inside and extending into and engaging the casting, for detachably securing said casting in position on, the cylinder head.

8. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a plurality of cylinders each having an integral head in which are port openings, a plurality'of sheet metal casings separately inclosing the bodies of the cylinders and formin water jackets therefor, passages between these separate jackets for the flow of water into and out from them, a detachable casting constituting-the water jacket for the heads of all the separate cylinders and adapted to fit closely on the heads of these cylinders, passages for the flow of water into and out from this casting arranged so that the latter has no direct communication with the separate cylinder water jackets, inlet and exhaust passages in this casting for the several cylinders and arranged so as to coincide with the port openings in the cylinder heads, sleeve like members which are passed through the port openings in the cylinder heads and by engaging the ends of the inlet and exhaust passages in the head casting constitute means for detachably connecting the head casting to all the cylinders as set r' orth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this s ecification.

ART UR JOHN ROWLEDGE. 

